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* indicates new v2.0 neuron type Name Supertype (ID:Family:Type:Subregion) EC (i)223311 LIII Bipolar Interneuron* S152006:GABAergic:iLIII:EC Name derivation This is the simplest and most descriptive name of the ones in the cited literature. "Interneuron" distinguishes this type from the multipolar principal cells. Synonym(s) List of articles Click here to view the list Badrinarayanan S  (2021) Frontiers in Neural Circuits A Characterization of the Electrophysiological and Morphological Properties of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Interneurons in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex (MEC) Badrinarayanan S, Manseau F, Williams S, Brandon MP. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 2021, 15, Pages: 653116 - PMID: 34421547; DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.653116 Tags: morphology, marker, membrane biophysics Ferrante M  (2017) Cereb Cortex Distinct Functional Groups Emerge from the Intrinsic Properties of Molecularly Identified Entorhinal Interneurons and Principal Cells. Ferrante M, Tahvildari B, Duque A, Hadzipasic M, Salkoff D, Zagha EW, Hasselmo ME, McCormick DA. Cereb Cortex, 2017 Jun 1, 27 (6), Pages: 3186 - 3207 PMID: 27269961; DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw143 Tags: morphology, marker, membrane biophysics, synapse probabilities

Morphology

Soma
	EC:III

Axons
	EC:III
	EC:IV
	EC:V
	EC:VI

Dendrites
	EC:I
	EC:II
	EC:III
	EC:IV

Representative figure

Distinct Functional Groups Emerge from the Intrinsic Properties of Molecularly Identified Entorhinal Interneurons and Principal Cells. Ferrante M, Tahvildari B, Duque A, Hadzipasic M, Salkoff D, Zagha EW, Hasselmo ME, McCormick DA Cereb Cortex, 2017 Jun 1, 27 (6), pages: 3186 - 3207 PMID: 27269961; DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw143

"Figure 7. Intrinsic properties of VIP+ interneurons. (A) Computer-aided 3D reconstruction of a VIP+ interneuron color coded for soma (in white), dendrites (in green), and axon (in gray) (scale bar = 25 [micro]m)."

Molecular markers

Positive
	VIP

Negative
	GABAa\alpha 6 (inference)

Mixed expression
	None known

Electrophysiological properties

	Key: [range] OR representative value±SD (measurements); Number of sources (total measurements): [min , max]
	Resting membrane potential (Vrest): -61.14±1.12 mV (35); 2 sources (54): [-71.4 , -61.14]
	Input resistance (Rin): 418±18.63 MΩ (35); 2 sources (54): [418 , 508]
	Time constant (τm): 38.5±11.3 ms (19); 1 source
	Threshold potential (Vthresh): 19.78±1.77 mV (35); 2 sources (54): [19.78 , 27.1]
	Action potential amplitude (APampl): 67.28±1.71 mV (35); 2 sources (54): [59.5 , 67.28]
	Action potential width (APwidth): 1.25±0.08 ms (35); 2 sources (54): [1.19 , 1.25]
	Fast afterhyperpolaziring potential amplitude (Fast AHP): 11.68±1.12 mV (35); 1 source

Firing Pattern

Images
	No image is associated with this neuron

Parameters
	No parameter associated with this neuron

ModelDB Model

Model Accession Number

PubMed ID

Sources of Input

Known sources Excitatory or Inhibitory none known

Potential sources Excitatory or Inhibitory CA2 Pyramidal Sub EC-Projecting Pyramidal EC LI-II Multipolar-Pyramidal EC LI-II Pyramidal-Fan MEC LII Oblique Pyramidal MEC LII Stellate MEC LII-III Pyramidal-Multiform EC LII-III Pyramidal-Tripolar LEC LIII Multipolar Principal MEC LIII Multipolar Principal EC LIII Small Pyramidal LEC LIII Complex Pyramidal MEC LIII Complex Pyramidal MEC LIII Bipolar Complex Pyramidal EC LIII Pyramidal EC LIII Stellate EC LIII-V Bipolar Pyramidal EC LIV-VI Deep Multipolar Principal MEC LV Multipolar-Pyramidal MEC LV Pyramidal MEC LV Superficial Pyramidal LEC LVI Multipolar-Pyramidal MEC LI-II Polar Interneuron* EC LII Axo-axonic MEC LII Basket EC LII Basket-Neurogliaform EC LIII Bipolar Interneuron* LEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron MEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron MEC LIII Superficial Multipolar Interneuron MEC LI Neurogliaform* EC LII-III Superficial Polymorphic Interneuron* EC LIII Pyramidal-Looking Interneuron MEC LIII Superficial Trilayered Interneuron

Potential sources known to be avoided Excitatory or Inhibitory none known

Targets of Output

Known targets Excitatory or Inhibitory none known

Potential targets Excitatory or Inhibitory MEC LII-III Pyramidal-Multiform EC LII-III Pyramidal-Tripolar LEC LIII Multipolar Principal MEC LIII Multipolar Principal EC LIII Small Pyramidal LEC LIII Complex Pyramidal MEC LIII Complex Pyramidal MEC LIII Bipolar Complex Pyramidal EC LIII Pyramidal EC LIII Stellate EC LIII-V Bipolar Pyramidal EC LIV-V Pyramidal-Horizontal EC LIV-VI Deep Multipolar Principal MEC LV Multipolar-Pyramidal MEC LV Principal* MEC LV Pyramidal EC LV Deep Pyramidal MEC LV Superficial Pyramidal MEC LV-VI Pyramidal-Polymorphic LEC LVI Multipolar-Pyramidal EC LIII Bipolar Interneuron* LEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron MEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron MEC LIII Superficial Multipolar Interneuron EC LII-III Superficial Polymorphic Interneuron* EC LIII Pyramidal-Looking Interneuron MEC LIII Superficial Trilayered Interneuron

Potential targets known to be avoided Excitatory or Inhibitory none known

Oscillation Phase Locking

Category

Value