EC LIII Pyramidal
* indicates new v2.0 neuron type
Name Supertype (ID:Family:Type:Subregion)
EC (e)223200p-CA1_1000-Sub_100 LIII Pyramidal S071806:Glutamatergic III:LIII:EC

Name derivation
This is the simplest form of the core names in the cited literature that distinguishes it from EC (e)223111p LIII Small Pyramidal.

Synonym(s)
EC layer III pyramidal cell
EC layer III pyramidal neuron
EC LIII pyramid
EC LIII spiny stellate cell
LEC layer III pyramidal cell
LEC layer III pyramidal neuron
LEC LIII simple spiny pyramidal neuron
MEC layer III pyramidal cell
MEC layer III type 1 pyramidal cell
EC LIII Pyramidal-Stellate [v1.x]

List of articles
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Canto CB  (2012) Hippocampus
Cellular properties of principal neurons in the rat entorhinal cortex. I. The lateral entorhinal cortex.
Canto CB, Witter MP.
Hippocampus, 2012 Jun, 22 (6), Pages: 1256 - 1276
PMID: 22162008; DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20997
Tags: morphology, membrane biophysics, firing patterns, synapse probabilities
Deller T  (1996) Cell and Tissue Research
The alvear pathway of the rat hippocampus
Deller T, Adelmann G, Nitsch R, Frotscher M.
Cell and Tissue Research, 1996, 286 (3), Pages: 293 - 303
PMID: 8929332; DOI: 10.1007/s004410050699
Tags: morphology
Germroth P  (1989) Neuroscience
Morphology of identified entorhinal neurons projecting to the hippocampus. A light microscopical study combining retrograde tracing and intracellular injection.
Germroth P, Schwerdtfeger WK, Buhl EH.
Neuroscience, 1989, 30 (3), Pages: 683 - 691
PMID: 2771045; DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90161-9
Tags: morphology
Gloveli T  (1997) Neuroscience
Morphological and electrophysiological characterization of layer III cells of the medial entorhinal cortex of the rat.
Gloveli T, Schmitz D, Empson RM, Dugladze T, Heinemann U.
Neuroscience, 1997 Apr, 77 (3), Pages: 629 - 648
PMID: 9070741; DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00494-0
Tags: morphology
Spruston N  (2007) The Hippocampus Book
Chapter 5: Structural and functional properties of hippocampal neurons
Spruston N, McBain C.
The Hippocampus Book, 2007, Pages: 133 - 200
ISBN: 9780195100273
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Steward O  (1976) J Comp Neurol
Cells of origin of entorhinal cortical afferents to the hippocampus and fascia dentata of the rat.
Steward O, Scoville SA.
J Comp Neurol, 1976 Oct 1, 169 (3), Pages: 347 - 370
PMID: 972204; DOI: 10.1002/cne.901690306
Tags: morphology
Steward O  (1976) J Comp Neurol
Topographic organization of the projections from the entorhinal area to the hippocampal formation of the rat.
Steward O.
J Comp Neurol, 1976 Jun 1, 167 (3), Pages: 285 - 314
PMID: 1270625; DOI: 10.1002/cne.901670303
Tags: morphology
Tahvildari B  (2005) J Comp Neurol
Morphological and electrophysiological properties of lateral entorhinal cortex layers II and III principal neurons.
Tahvildari B, Alonso A.
J Comp Neurol, 2005 Oct 17, 491 (2), Pages: 123 - 140
PMID: 16127693; DOI: 10.1002/cne.20706
Tags: morphology, membrane biophysics, firing patterns, synapse probabilities
Takacs VT  (2012) Hippocampus
Extrinsic and local glutamatergic inputs of the rat hippocampal CA1 area differentially innervate pyramidal cells and interneurons
Takacs VT, Klausberger T, Somogyi P, Freund TF, Gulyas AI.
Hippocampus, 2012, 22 (6), Pages: 1379 - 1391
PMID: 21956752; DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20974
Tags: morphology
van der Linden S  (1998) Eur J Neurosci
Comparison of the electrophysiology and morphology of layers III and II neurons of the rat medial entorhinal cortex in vitro.
van der Linden S, Lopes da Silva FH.
Eur J Neurosci, 1998 Apr, 10 (4), Pages: 1479 - 1489
PMID: 9749802; DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00162.x
Tags: morphology

List of Hippocampome.org to NeuroMorpho.Org mappings
Click here to view the list of mappings
  • Peng

  • Morphology
    Soma
    EC:III
    Axons
    CA1:SLM
    CA1:SR
    CA1:SP
    CA1:SO
    SUB:SM
    EC:III
    Dendrites
    EC:I
    EC:II
    EC:III
    EC:IV

    Representative figure
    Comparison of the electrophysiology and morphology of layers III and II neurons of the rat medial entorhinal cortex in vitro.
    van der Linden S, Lopes da Silva FH
    Eur J Neurosci, 1998 Apr, 10 (4), pages: 1479 - 1489
    PMID: 9749802; DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00162.x


    "FIG. 6. Camera lucida drawings of a pyramidal cell {EC LIII Pyramidal} in layer III [in the entorhinal cortex]. (A) Localization of the recorded cell in the entorhinal cortex."


    Molecular markers
    Positive
    None known
    Negative
    CR
    GABAa\alpha 6 (inference)
    PV
    Mixed expression
    None known

    Electrophysiological properties
    Key: [range] OR representative value±SD (measurements); Number of sources (total measurements): [min , max]

    Resting membrane potential (Vrest): [-68.0, -65.0] mV (2); 2 sources (27): [-74.7 , -68]
    Input resistance (Rin): 450±77.9 MΩ (27); 2 sources (52): [50 , 450]
    Time constant (τm): 29±12.5 ms (27); 2 sources (52): [23.1 , 29]
    Threshold potential (Vthresh): [21.2, 26.0] mV (2); 2 sources (3): [21.17 , 28.8]
    Fast afterhyperpolaziring potential amplitude (Fast AHP): [10.2, 11.0] mV (2); 2 sources (3): [8.3 , 10.23]
    Action potential amplitude (APampl): 70±15.6 mV (27); 2 sources (52): [70 , 78.2]
    Action potential width (APwidth): 1.38±0.3 ms (27); 2 sources (52): [1.38 , 1.76]
    Max firing rate (Max F.R.): [85.0, 105.0] Hz (2); 1 source
    Slow afterhyperpolarizing potential amplitude (Slow AHP): 4.06 mV (1); 2 sources (2): [4.06 , 10]
    Sag ratio: 0.9 (27); 1 source

    Notes

    LEC Simple Pyramidal III neurons 223200

    Merger status: None being considered

    Notes:

    axon to angular bundle

    excitatory because they have spiny dendrites and projecting axon

    CW

    CLR 08/30/2011

    DWW 08/31/2011

    EC Pyramidal III neurons 223201-CA1 1000-Sub 100

    CW

    CLR 06/28/2011

    A:V? Enough evidence for A:CA1 and A:SUB? A:VI? - DWW 06/29/2011

    Looks good. - CLR 06/29/2011

    EC Pyramidal III neurons 223201-CA1 1000-Sub 100

    CW

    DWW, CLR 06/30/2011

    I'm a bit puzzled by the relation btw L3 pyramids and L3 stellate. Perhaps rather than "pyramida" vs "stellate" shape we should look at D:L4 or other discriminatory features? (in particular, axonal projections!) - GAA

    EC Pyramidal III neurons 223311-CA1 1000-Sub 100

    Merger status: None being considered

    Notes:

    excitatory because they have spiny dendrites and projecting axon

    CW

    Would appear to be no A:VI evidence:

    These seem to go together:

    Gloveli cites Steward - no ax info in EC
    van der Linden - no axonal info
    Tahvildari - 223310
    Germroth - 003100
    C&W text - 223000

    These don't seem to match the others:

    C&W Fig 1 - 333200
    C&W Fig 2 - 233310 - DWW

    I'm not sure what to do about A:I_II. Amaral + Lavenex might not belong. - CLR

    I agree they make a bold statement that is not supported by any of our primary lit.
    N = 2? - DWW 08/12/2011

    No
    No fig w. good axon
    They IDed 23 pyr cell axons mentioned for max. of 5 in deeper layers: 3 with ax to angular bundle + CA1 + 2 w. collaterals - CW

    CLR 08/30/2011

    DWW 08/31/2011

    Gloveli mentions the "islands" again! Add note linking axons (Tahvildari) I find the Ax info weak at most!? Let's discuss ... - GAA

    EC (e)223200p-CA1_1000-Sub_100 LIII Pyramidal cells (LIII PC) [6092]

    Merger status: Rejected merger with EC (+)223000 Stellate III due to clear presence of D:IV in this class and unclear in stellate III.

    Notes: Cell type composed of a merger of EC pyr III 223300p and EC simple pyr III 223200p

    excitatory because they have sparsely spiny to spiny dendrites and projecting axon

    addendum to currently active EC (e)223200p LIII Pyramidal-Stellate

    * all point of origin evidence is indirect and inferential *

    The only inferable sources of these axons are superficial layer EC neurons that already project to CA1, thus excluding, for example, EC (e)231000 LI-II Multipolar-Pyramidal.

    injection into MEC:II_III. [Y:S:MEC:I_II_III].

    A's branch & varicosities in CA1:SR_SP_SO.

    A's form type 1 synapses on interneuron shafts and spines and on pyramidal spines.

    type 1 synapse onto interneuronal dendritic shaft in CA1:SO.
    type 1 synapse onto dendritic spine in CA1:SP.

    no A's target pyramidal shafts.

    How you can use this packet? - KM 11/29/2017

    To clarify, based on the inferential evidence provided in the text (primarily in the last few sentences of the right paragraph on pg. 7), the already existing LIII Pyramidal neuron type would have its CA1 projection pattern updated from 1000 to 1111? - JDK 10/13/2021

    Yes, the proposal is for the CA1 projection to change from 1000 to 1111. - DWW 10/14/2021

    Then for both types (unique ID #6017 and #6092), I concur with updating the projection pattern for v2.0. - JDK 10/14/2021

    Deller et al., 1996, added. - 12/06/2021

    I have now reviewed both updated packets and I like what you have done with highlighting all pertinent details to the citation within Takacs et al. I approve of them in this new form. - JDK 12/08/2021

    I approve. If I understand the logic, we assume that the only reasonably inferable sources of these axons are superficial layer EC neurons that *already* project to CA1, thus excluding, for example, EC (e)231000 LI-II Multipolar-Pyramidal. If this is right, thatâ??s ok with me but perhaps make the logic explicit on the cover of the packet. Also, on the cover it says "injection into MEC:II_III. [Y:A:MEC:I_II_III]" but I guess it should be "injection into MEC:II_III. [Y:S:MEC:I_II_III]" since this is an anterograde tracer. - GAA 02/02/2022

    In updating the covers of these two packets, I have filled out the lists of synonyms at the tops of the front pages. In doing so, I have discovered that the EC (e)223200p LIII PC-SC packet contains no examples of stellate cells, so the name is not appropriate. However, if we remove "Stellate" from the name, then it would have the same name as the other packet. We could possibly append the adjective "small" to the EC (e)223111p LIII PC packet to distinguish the two packets, as at least Canto 2011 uses it in one of the references. - DWW 02/04/2022

    Thatâ??s ok with me. If/when we change names from v1 to v2, weâ??ll need to keep the old names among the synonyms (ideally indicating 'v1.0' next to it) to alleviate possible confusionâ?¦ - GAA 02/04/2022

    It is okay with me as well to use "small" if we remove "Stellate" for x_EC_(e)223111p_LIII_PC_addendum_new & x_EC_(e)223200p_LIII_PC-SC_addendum_new. - JDK 02/04/2022

    Firing Pattern
    Images
    Image MissingImage MissingImage Missing
    Parameters View page
    ASP. [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]
    NASP [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]
    RASP.NASP [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]

    Izhikevich Model
    Parameters Single Compartment Downloads Simulate
    subtype: 1 k=0.31;a= 0.001;b= -3.36;d= 11;C= 250;Vr= -64.62;Vt= -35.32;Vpeak= 5.8;Vmin= -48.63; Simulate
    subtype: 2 k=0.88;a= 0.005;b= 2.24;d= -2;C= 416;Vr= -64.73;Vt= -39.24;Vpeak= 5.53;Vmin= -48.6; Simulate
    subtype: 3 k=0.4;a= 0.007;b= -8.83;d= 524;C= 474;Vr= -66.48;Vt= -23.61;Vpeak= 33.34;Vmin= -41.25; Simulate
    Images
    Image MissingImage MissingImage Missing
    ModelDB Model
    Model Accession Number PubMed ID

    Sources of Input
    Known sources
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    none known

    Potential sources
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    CA2 Pyramidal
    Sub EC-Projecting Pyramidal
    EC LI-II Multipolar-Pyramidal
    EC LI-II Pyramidal-Fan
    MEC LII Oblique Pyramidal
    MEC LII Stellate
    MEC LII-III Pyramidal-Multiform
    EC LII-III Pyramidal-Tripolar
    LEC LIII Multipolar Principal
    MEC LIII Multipolar Principal
    EC LIII Small Pyramidal
    LEC LIII Complex Pyramidal
    MEC LIII Complex Pyramidal
    MEC LIII Bipolar Complex Pyramidal
    EC LIII Pyramidal
    EC LIII Stellate
    EC LIII-V Bipolar Pyramidal
    EC LIV-VI Deep Multipolar Principal
    MEC LV Multipolar-Pyramidal
    MEC LV Pyramidal
    MEC LV Superficial Pyramidal
    LEC LVI Multipolar-Pyramidal
    MEC LI-II Polar Interneuron*
    EC LII Axo-axonic
    MEC LII Basket
    EC LII Basket-Neurogliaform
    EC LIII Bipolar Interneuron*
    LEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron
    MEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron
    MEC LIII Superficial Multipolar Interneuron
    MEC LI Neurogliaform*
    EC LII-III Superficial Polymorphic Interneuron*
    EC LIII Pyramidal-Looking Interneuron
    MEC LIII Superficial Trilayered Interneuron

    Potential sources known to be avoided
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    none known

    Targets of Output
    Known targets
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    CA1 Pyramidal
    CA1 LMR

    Potential targets
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    CA2 Wide-Arbor Basket
    CA1 Deep Pyramidal
    CA1 Superficial Pyramidal
    CA1 Cajal-Retzius
    CA1 Local-Projecting Cajal-Retzius*
    CA1 Radiatum Giant
    CA1 Axo-axonic
    CA1 Horizontal Axo-axonic
    CA1 Back-Projection
    CA1 Basket
    CA1 Horizontal Basket
    CA1 R-P Basket*
    CA1 Trilayer Basket*
    CA1 Vertical Basket*
    CA1 Basket CCK+
    CA1 Horizontal Basket CCK+*
    CA1 Trilayer Basket CCK+*
    CA1 Bistratified
    CA1 RO-receiving CA3-targeting*
    CA1 Hippocampo-subicular Projecting ENK+
    CA1 Ivy
    CA1 Interneuron Specific LM-R
    CA1 Interneuron Specific LMO-O
    CA1 LMR-LM*
    CA1 Interneuron Specific LMR-O*
    CA1 LMR-R*
    CA1 Interneuron Specific LMR-R
    CA1 LMR Projecting
    CA1 Neurogliaform
    CA1 Neurogliaform Projecting
    CA1 O-LM
    CA1 Recurrent O-LM
    CA1 O-LMR
    CA1 Recurrent O-LMR*
    CA1 Interneuron Specific O-R
    CA1 O-RP*
    CA1 Interneuron Specific O-Targeting QuadD
    CA1 Oriens/Alveus
    CA1 Oriens-Bistratified
    CA1 Oriens-QuadA Projecting
    CA1 OR-LM
    CA1 O-RPO*
    CA1 Perforant Path-Associated
    CA1 Perforant Path-Associated QuadD
    CA1 QuadD-RP*
    CA1 Quadrilaminar
    CA1 Interneuron Specific R-O
    CA1 R-Receiving Apical-Targeting
    CA1 R-RO*
    CA1 R-RP*
    CA1 Radiatum
    CA1 Interneuron Specific RO-O
    CA1 Interneuron Specific RO-R*
    CA1 RO-RP*
    CA1 RP-RPO*
    CA1 Schaffer Collateral-Associated
    CA1 Schaffer Collateral-Correlated*
    CA1 Schaffer Collateral-Receiving R-Targeting
    CA1 SO-SO
    CA1 SO-SO Projecting*
    CA1 Trilaminar
    CA1 Radial Trilaminar
    Sub CA1-Projecting Pyramidal
    Sub EC-Projecting Pyramidal
    Sub Axo-axonic
    MEC LII-III Pyramidal-Multiform
    EC LII-III Pyramidal-Tripolar
    LEC LIII Multipolar Principal
    MEC LIII Multipolar Principal
    EC LIII Small Pyramidal
    LEC LIII Complex Pyramidal
    MEC LIII Complex Pyramidal
    MEC LIII Bipolar Complex Pyramidal
    EC LIII Pyramidal
    EC LIII Stellate
    EC LIII-V Bipolar Pyramidal
    MEC LV Superficial Pyramidal
    EC LIII Bipolar Interneuron*
    LEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron
    MEC LIII Multipolar Interneuron
    MEC LIII Superficial Multipolar Interneuron
    EC LII-III Superficial Polymorphic Interneuron*
    EC LIII Pyramidal-Looking Interneuron
    MEC LIII Superficial Trilayered Interneuron

    Potential targets known to be avoided
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    none known

    Oscillation Phase Locking
    Category
    Value