CA1 Axo-axonic
* indicates new v2.0 neuron type
Name Supertype (ID:Family:Type:Subregion)
CA1 (i)2232 Axo-axonic S110904:Perisomatic-targeting:Axo-axonic:CA1

Name derivation
The phrase "chandelier cell" has fallen out of use. CA1 distinguishes these cells from axo-axonic cells in other subregions.

Synonym(s)
CA1 AAC
CA1 axo-axonic cell
CA1 chandelier cell

List of articles
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Amaral D  (2007) The Hippocampus Book
Hippocampal Neuroanatomy
Amaral D, Lavenex P.
The Hippocampus Book, 2007, Pages: 35 - 112
ISBN: 9780195100273
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Bernard C  (1994) Hippocampus
Model of local connectivity patterns in CA3 and CA1 areas of the hippocampus.
Bernard C, Wheal HV.
Hippocampus, 1994 Oct, 4 (5), Pages: 497 - 529
PMID: 7889123; DOI: 10.1002/hipo.450040502
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Buhl EH  (1994) J Neurophysiol
Physiological properties of anatomically identified axo-axonic cells in the rat hippocampus.
Buhl EH, Han ZS, Lorinczi Z, Stezhka VV, Karnup SV, Somogyi P.
J Neurophysiol, 1994 Apr, 71 (4), Pages: 1289 - 1307
PMID: 8035215
Tags: membrane biophysics, connectivity, firing patterns, synapse probabilities
Forro T  (2015) Cerebral Cortex
Temporal Organization of GABAergic Interneurons in the Intermediate CA1 Hippocampus During Network Oscillations
Forro T, Valenti O, Lasztoczi B, Klausberger T.
Cerebral Cortex, 2015, Pages: 1228 - 1240
PMID: 24275828
Tags: phases
Freund TF  (1996) Hippocampus
Interneurons of the hippocampus.
Freund TF, Buzsaki G.
Hippocampus, 1996, 6 (4), Pages: 347 - 470
PMID: 8915675; DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1996)6:4<347::AID-HIPO1>3.0.CO;2-I
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Ganter P  (2004) Hippocampus
Properties of horizontal axo-axonic cells in stratum oriens of the hippocampal CA1 area of rats in vitro.
Ganter P, Szucs P, Paulsen O, Somogyi P.
Hippocampus, 2004, 14 (2), Pages: 232 - 243
PMID: 15098728; DOI: 10.1002/hipo.10170
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Klausberger T  (2003) Nature
Brain-state- and cell-type-specific firing of hippocampal interneurons in vivo.
Klausberger T, Magill PJ, Marton LF, Roberts JD, Cobden PM, Buzsaki G, Somogyi P.
Nature, 2003 Feb 20, 421 (6925), Pages: 844 - 848
PMID: 12594513; DOI: 10.1038/nature01374
Tags: phases
Klausberger T  (2008) Science
Neuronal diversity and temporal dynamics: the unity of hippocampal circuit operations.
Klausberger T, Somogyi P.
Science, 2008 Jul 4, 321 (5885), Pages: 53 - 57
PMID: 18599766; DOI: 10.1126/science.1149381
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Li XG  (1992) Exp Brain Res
Axonal and dendritic arborization of an intracellularly labeled chandelier cell in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus.
Li XG, Somogyi P, Tepper JM, Buzsaki G.
Exp Brain Res, 1992, 90 (3), Pages: 519 - 525
PMID: 1385200; DOI: 10.1007/BF00230934
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Pawelzik H  (2002) J Comp Neurol
Physiological and morphological diversity of immunocytochemically defined parvalbumin- and cholecystokinin-positive interneurones in CA1 of the adult rat hippocampus.
Pawelzik H, Hughes DI, Thomson AM.
J Comp Neurol, 2002 Feb 18, 443 (4), Pages: 346 - 367
PMID: 11807843; DOI: 10.1002/cne.10118
Tags: morphology, marker, membrane biophysics, connectivity, firing patterns, synapse probabilities
Somogyi P  (2005) J Physiol
Defined types of cortical interneurone structure space and spike timing in the hippocampus.
Somogyi P, Klausberger T.
J Physiol, 2005 Jan 1, 562 (Pt 1), Pages: 9 - 26
PMID: 15539390; DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.078915
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Somogyi P  (2010) Handbook of Brain Microcircuits
Chapter: Hippocampus: Intrinsic organisation
Somogyi P.
Handbook of Brain Microcircuits, 2010, Pages: 148 - 164
ISBN: 9780195389883
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Tukker JJ  (2007) Journal of Neuroscience
Cell Type-Specific Tuning of Hippocampal Interneuron Firing During Gamma Oscillations in Vivo
Tukker JJ, Fuentealba P, Hartwich K, Somogyi P, Klausberger T.
Journal of Neuroscience, 2007, Pages: 8184 - 8189
PMID: 17670965
Tags: phases
Varga C  (2014) Elife
Functional fission of parvalbumin interneuron classes during fast network events. LID - 10.7554/eLife.04006 [doi]
Varga C, Oijala M, Lish J, Szabo GG, Bezaire M, Marchionni I, Golshani P, Soltesz I.
Elife, 2014 Nov 06, 3, Pages: -
PMID: 25375253; DOI: 10.7554/eLife.04006
Tags: phases, synapse probabilities
Vida I  (2010) Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book
Morphology of Hippocampal Neurons
Vida I.
Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book, 2010, Pages: 27 - 68
ISBN: 9781441909954
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Viney TJ  (2013) Nat Neurosci
Network state-dependent inhibition of identified hippocampal CA3 axo-axonic cells in vivo.
Viney TJ, Lasztoczi B, Katona L, Crump MG, Tukker JJ, Klausberger T, Somogyi P.
Nat Neurosci, 2013 Dec, 16 (12), Pages: 1802 - 1811
PMID: 24141313; DOI: 10.1038/nn.3550
Tags: marker, connectivity, phases

Supplemental PMIDs
Click here to view the list of PMIDs

List of Hippocampome.org to NeuroMorpho.Org mappings
Click here to view the list of mappings

Morphology
Soma
CA1:SP
CA1:SO
Axons
CA1:SP
Dendrites
CA1:SLM
CA1:SR
CA1:SP
CA1:SO

Representative figure
Physiological and morphological diversity of immunocytochemically defined parvalbumin- and cholecystokinin-positive interneurones in CA1 of the adult rat hippocampus.
Pawelzik H, Hughes DI, Thomson AM
J Comp Neurol, 2002 Feb 18, 443 (4), pages: 346 - 367
PMID: 11807843; DOI: 10.1002/cne.10118


"Fig. 4. Features of a PV-IR [parvalbumin immunoreactive] fast-spiking putative axo-axonic {CA1 Axo-axonic} cell [in CA1]. A: Light microscopic reconstruction of the [CA1] axo-axonic cell (black: soma/dendrites; grey: axonal arbour). . . . Scale bar in A = 100 [micro]m."


Molecular markers
Positive
Cx36
Gaba-a-alpha (confirmed by inference)
PV
Negative
5HT-3 (inference)
AR-beta2 (multiple confirming inferences)
CB (confirmed by inference)
CB1 (multiple confirming inferences)
CCK (confirmed by inference)
Chrna2 (inference)
CR (confirmed by inference)
ENK (multiple confirming inferences)
GABAa\alpha 6 (inference)
mGluR1a (inference)
MOR (inference)
NPY (inference)
SOM (confirmed by inference)
vGluT3 (multiple confirming inferences)
VIP (multiple confirming inferences)
Mixed expression
None known

Electrophysiological properties
Key: [range] OR representative value±SD (measurements); Number of sources (total measurements): [min , max]

Resting membrane potential (Vrest): -65.1±3.9 mV (14); 2 sources (15): [-66 , -65.1]
Threshold potential (Vthresh): 22 mV (1); 2 sources (2): [11 , 22]
Fast afterhyperpolaziring potential amplitude (Fast AHP): 17.6 mV (1); 2 sources (2): [4 , 17.6]
Action potential amplitude (APampl): 64.1±7.1 mV (13); 2 sources (14): [54.5 , 64.1]
Slow afterhyperpolarizing potential amplitude (Slow AHP): 7.7 mV (1); 2 sources (2): [3.5 , 7.7]
Input resistance (Rin): 73.9±23.8 MΩ (14); 1 source
Time constant (τm): 7.7±3.8 ms (14); 1 source
Action potential width (APwidth): 0.389±0.086 ms (13); 1 source

Notes
Axo-axonic cells exclusively target pyramidal cells while basket cells are also known to target other interneurons. Exclusive innervation of pyramidal cells; axo-axonic cells do NOT connect with other interneurons perisomatic axonal targeting interpreted as PCL extended interpretation of SP in apical and basal directions

Firing Pattern
Images
Image MissingImage MissingImage MissingImage MissingImage Missing
Parameters View page
ASP. [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]
D.TSWB.NASP [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]
PSTUT [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]

Izhikevich Model
Parameters Single Compartment Downloads Simulate
subtype: 1 k=9.83;a= 0.002;b= 14.47;d= 26;C= 234;Vr= -66.76;Vt= -65.78;Vpeak= 3.18;Vmin= -62.22; Simulate
subtype: 2 k=4;a= 0.013;b= -4.02;d= 38;C= 287;Vr= -65.16;Vt= -49.04;Vpeak= -0.61;Vmin= -55.48; Simulate
Images
Image MissingImage Missing
ModelDB Model
Model Accession Number PubMed ID
246546 30713030
182843 24155715
123815 19489002
187604 28009257

Sources of Input
Known sources
Excitatory or Inhibitory
CA3 Pyramidal
CA1 Pyramidal

Potential sources
Excitatory or Inhibitory
DG Local-Projecting Cajal-Retzius*
CA3c Pyramidal
CA3c Umbrella Pyramidal*
CA3 Trilaminar
CA2 Pyramidal
CA2 Wide-Arbor Basket
CA2 Bistratified
CA1 Deep Pyramidal
CA1 Superficial Pyramidal
CA1 Cajal-Retzius
CA1 Local-Projecting Cajal-Retzius*
CA1 Radiatum Giant
CA1 Back-Projection
CA1 Basket
CA1 Horizontal Basket
CA1 R-P Basket*
CA1 Trilayer Basket*
CA1 Vertical Basket*
CA1 Basket CCK+
CA1 Horizontal Basket CCK+*
CA1 Trilayer Basket CCK+*
CA1 Bistratified
CA1 Hippocampo-subicular Projecting ENK+
CA1 Ivy
CA1 Interneuron Specific LM-R
CA1 Interneuron Specific LMO-O
CA1 LMR
CA1 LMR-LM*
CA1 Interneuron Specific LMR-O*
CA1 LMR-R*
CA1 Interneuron Specific LMR-R
CA1 LMR Projecting
CA1 Neurogliaform
CA1 Neurogliaform Projecting
CA1 O-LM
CA1 Recurrent O-LM
CA1 O-LMR
CA1 Recurrent O-LMR*
CA1 Interneuron Specific O-R
CA1 O-RP*
CA1 Interneuron Specific O-Targeting QuadD
CA1 Oriens/Alveus
CA1 Oriens-Bistratified
CA1 Oriens-QuadA Projecting
CA1 OR-LM
CA1 O-RPO*
CA1 Perforant Path-Associated
CA1 Perforant Path-Associated QuadD
CA1 QuadD-RP*
CA1 Quadrilaminar
CA1 Interneuron Specific R-O
CA1 R-Receiving Apical-Targeting
CA1 R-RO*
CA1 R-RP*
CA1 Radiatum
CA1 Interneuron Specific RO-O
CA1 Interneuron Specific RO-R*
CA1 RO-RP*
CA1 RP-RPO*
CA1 Schaffer Collateral-Associated
CA1 Schaffer Collateral-Correlated*
CA1 Schaffer Collateral-Receiving R-Targeting
CA1 SO-SO
CA1 SO-SO Projecting*
CA1 Trilaminar
CA1 Radial Trilaminar
Sub CA1-Projecting Pyramidal
EC LIII Small Pyramidal
EC LIII Pyramidal

Potential sources known to be avoided
Excitatory or Inhibitory
CA1 Axo-axonic
CA1 Horizontal Axo-axonic

Targets of Output
Known targets
Excitatory or Inhibitory
CA1 Pyramidal

Potential targets
Excitatory or Inhibitory
CA2 Wide-Arbor Basket
CA1 Deep Pyramidal
CA1 Superficial Pyramidal
CA1 Back-Projection
CA1 Vertical Basket*
CA1 Oriens/Alveus
CA1 Perforant Path-Associated QuadD
CA1 Quadrilaminar
CA1 RP-RPO*

Potential targets known to be avoided
Excitatory or Inhibitory
CA1 Axo-axonic
CA1 Basket
CA1 Horizontal Basket
CA1 R-P Basket*
CA1 Trilayer Basket*
CA1 Basket CCK+
CA1 Trilayer Basket CCK+*
CA1 Bistratified
CA1 Ivy
CA1 Interneuron Specific LMO-O
CA1 Interneuron Specific LMR-R
CA1 Interneuron Specific O-Targeting QuadD
CA1 OR-LM
CA1 QuadD-RP*
CA1 Interneuron Specific R-O
CA1 Interneuron Specific RO-O
CA1 Radial Trilaminar

Oscillation Phase Locking
Category
Value
Theta (deg):45.30
Theta range:[45.30, 45.30]
Theta measurements:1
Theta representative selection:   rats, adult, unknown sex,
juxtacellular, freely moving
SWR ratio:0.00
SWR ratio range:[0.00, 0.35]
SWR ratio measurements:2
SWR ratio representative selection:   rats, adult, unknown sex,
juxtacellular, freely moving
In vivo firing rate (Hz):6.90
Firing rate range:[6.90, 8.80]
Firing rate measurements:2
Firing rate representative selection:   rats, adult, unknown sex,
juxtacellular, freely moving
Other:ripple and 3 others
Other representative selection:   mice, adult, unknown sex,
juxtacellular, head-fixed awake