DG Granule
* indicates new v2.0 neuron type
Name Supertype (ID:Family:Type:Subregion)
DG (e)2201p-CA3_00110-CA2_0010 Granule S010101:Glutamatergic GC:Granule:DG

Name derivation
This is a canonical principal cell of the main hippocampal circuit.

Synonym(s)
DG granule cell

List of articles
Click here to view the list
Acsady L  (1998) J Neurosci
GABAergic cells are the major postsynaptic targets of mossy fibers in the rat hippocampus.
Acsady L, Kamondi A, Sik A, Freund T, Buzsaki G.
J Neurosci, 1998 May 1, 18 (9), Pages: 3386 - 3403
PMID: 9547246
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Amaral D  (2007) The Hippocampus Book
Hippocampal Neuroanatomy
Amaral D, Lavenex P.
The Hippocampus Book, 2007, Pages: 35 - 112
ISBN: 9780195100273
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Amaral DG  (2007) Prog Brain Res
The dentate gyrus: fundamental neuroanatomical organization (dentate gyrus for dummies).
Amaral DG, Scharfman HE, Lavenex P.
Prog Brain Res, 2007, 163, Pages: 3 - 22
PMID: 17765709; DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63001-5
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Armstrong C  (2011) J Comp Neurol
Neurogliaform cells in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus as feed-forward gamma-aminobutyric acidergic modulators of entorhinal-hippocampal interplay.
Armstrong C, Szabadics J, Tamas G, Soltesz I.
J Comp Neurol, 2011 Jun 1, 519 (8), Pages: 1476 - 1491
PMID: 21452204; DOI: 10.1002/cne.22577
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Blaabjerg M  (2007) Prog Brain Res
The dentate mossy fibers: structural organization, development and plasticity.
Blaabjerg M, Zimmer J.
Prog Brain Res, 2007, 163, Pages: 85 - 107
PMID: 17765713; DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63005-2
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Blackstad TW  (1970) J Comp Neurol
Distribution of hippocampal mossy fibers in the rat. An experimental study with silver impregnation methods.
Blackstad TW, Brink K, Hem J, Jeune B.
J Comp Neurol, 1970 Apr, 138 (4), Pages: 433 - 449
PMID: 4907846; DOI: 10.1002/cne.901380404
Tags: morphology
Blasco-Ibanez JM  (2000) Neuroreport
Recurrent mossy fibers preferentially innervate parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons in the granule cell layer of the rat dentate gyrus.
Blasco-Ibanez JM, Martinez-Guijarro FJ, Freund TF.
Neuroreport, 2000 Sep 28, 11 (14), Pages: 3219 - 3225
PMID: 11043552; DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200009280-00034
Tags: morphology
Botcher NA  (2014) Front Neuroanat
Distribution of interneurons in the CA2 region of the rat hippocampus.
Botcher NA, Falck JE, Thomson AM, Mercer A.
Front Neuroanat, 2014 Sep 26, 104, Pages: 8 -
PMID: 25309345; DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00104
Tags: morphology
Buckmaster PS  (1999) J Neurophysiol
In vivo intracellular analysis of granule cell axon reorganization in epileptic rats.
Buckmaster PS, Dudek FE.
J Neurophysiol, 1999 Feb, 81 (2), Pages: 712 - 721
PMID: 10036272
Tags: morphology
Claiborne BJ  (1990) J Comp Neurol
Quantitative, three-dimensional analysis of granule cell dendrites in the rat dentate gyrus.
Claiborne BJ, Amaral DG, Cowan WM.
J Comp Neurol, 1990 Dec 8, 302 (2), Pages: 206 - 219
PMID: 2289972; DOI: 10.1002/cne.903020203
Tags: morphology
Claiborne BJ  (1986) J Comp Neurol
A light and electron microscopic analysis of the mossy fibers of the rat dentate gyrus.
Claiborne BJ, Amaral DG, Cowan WM.
J Comp Neurol, 1986 Apr 22, 246 (4), Pages: 435 - 458
PMID: 3700723; DOI: 10.1002/cne.902460403
Tags: morphology, synapse probabilities
Desmond NL  (1982) J Comp Neurol
A quantitative anatomical study of the granule cell dendritic fields of the rat dentate gyrus using a novel probabilistic method.
Desmond NL, Levy WB.
J Comp Neurol, 1982 Dec 1, 212 (2), Pages: 131 - 145
PMID: 7187915; DOI: 10.1002/cne.902120204
Tags: morphology
Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen J  (2007) J Neurophysiol
Topological determinants of epileptogenesis in large-scale structural and functional models of the dentate gyrus derived from experimental data.
Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen J, Santhakumar V, Morgan RJ, Huerta R, Tsimring L, Soltesz I.
J Neurophysiol, 2007 Feb, 97 (2), Pages: 1566 - 1587
PMID: 17093119; DOI: 10.1152/jn.00950.2006
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Freund TF  (1996) Hippocampus
Interneurons of the hippocampus.
Freund TF, Buzsaki G.
Hippocampus, 1996, 6 (4), Pages: 347 - 470
PMID: 8915675; DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1996)6:4<347::AID-HIPO1>3.0.CO;2-I
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Geiger JR  (1997) Neuron
Submillisecond AMPA receptor-mediated signaling at a principal neuron-interneuron synapse.
Geiger JR, Lubke J, Roth A, Frotscher M, Jonas P.
Neuron, 1997 Jun, 18 (6), Pages: 1009 - 1023
PMID: 9208867; DOI: 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80339-6
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Houser CR  (2007) Prog Brain Res
Interneurons of the dentate gyrus: an overview of cell types, terminal fields and neurochemical identity.
Houser CR.
Prog Brain Res, 2007, 163, Pages: 217 - 232
PMID: 17765721; DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63013-1
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Kohara K  (2014) Nat Neurosci
Cell type-specific genetic and optogenetic tools reveal hippocampal CA2 circuits.
Kohara K, Pignatelli M, Rivest AJ, Jung HY, Kitamura T, Suh J, Frank D, Kajikawa K, Mise N, Obata Y, Wickersham IR, Tonegawa S.
Nat Neurosci, 2014 Feb, 17 (2), Pages: 269 - 279
PMID: 24336151; DOI: 10.1038/nn.3614
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Leranth C  (2007) Prog Brain Res
Extrinsic afferent systems to the dentate gyrus.
Leranth C, Hajszan T.
Prog Brain Res, 2007, 163, Pages: 63 - 84
PMID: 17765712; DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63004-0
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Lubke J  (1998) J Neurophysiol
Specialized electrophysiological properties of anatomically identified neurons in the hilar region of the rat fascia dentata.
Lubke J, Frotscher M, Spruston N.
J Neurophysiol, 1998 Mar, 79 (3), Pages: 1518 - 1534
PMID: 9497429
Tags: morphology, membrane biophysics, connectivity, firing patterns, synapse probabilities
Mizuseki K  (2009) Neuron
Theta oscillations provide temporal windows for local circuit computation in the entorhinal-hippocampal loop.
Mizuseki K, Sirota A, Pastalkova E, Buzsaki G.
Neuron, 2009, Pages: 267 - 280
PMID: 19874793
Tags: phases
Morgan RJ  (2007) Prog Brain Res
Modeling the dentate gyrus.
Morgan RJ, Santhakumar V, Soltesz I.
Prog Brain Res, 2007, 163, Pages: 639 - 658
PMID: 17765743; DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63035-0
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Morgan RJ  (2010) Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book
Microcircuit Model of the Dentate Gyrus in Epilepsy
Morgan RJ, Soltesz I.
Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book, 2010, Pages: 495 - 526
ISBN: 9781441909954
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Patton PE  (1995) Hippocampus
Connection matrix of the hippocampal formation: I. The dentate gyrus.
Patton PE, McNaughton B.
Hippocampus, 1995, 5 (4), Pages: 245 - 286
PMID: 8589792; DOI: 10.1002/hipo.450050402
Tags: morphology, marker, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Pernia-Andrade AJ  (2014) Neuron
Theta-gamma-modulated synaptic currents in hippocampal granule cells in vivo define a mechanism for network oscillations.
Pernia-Andrade AJ, Jonas P.
Neuron, 2014, Pages: 140 - 152
PMID: 24333053
Tags: phases
Ribak CE  (2007) Prog Brain Res
Ultrastructure and synaptic connectivity of cell types in the adult rat dentate gyrus.
Ribak CE, Shapiro LA.
Prog Brain Res, 2007, 163, Pages: 155 - 166
PMID: 17765717; DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63009-X
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Sanchez-Aguilera A  (2021) PLoS Biology
An update to Hippocampome.org by integrating single-cell phenotypes with circuit function in vivo
Sanchez-Aguilera A, Wheeler DW, Jurado-Parras T, Valero M, Nokia MS, Cid E, Fernandez-Lamo I, Sutton N, Garcia-Rincon D, de la Prida LM, Ascoli GA.
PLoS Biology, 2021, 19 (5), Pages: 1 - 28
PMID: 33956790; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001213
Tags: phases
Santhakumar V  (2008) Computational neuroscience in epilepsy
Modeling circuit alterations in epilepsy: A focus on mossy cell loss and mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus
Santhakumar V.
Computational neuroscience in epilepsy, 2008, Pages: 89 - 111
ISBN: 9780123736499
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Senzai Y  (2017) Neuron
Physiological Properties and Behavioral Correlates of Hippocampal Granule Cells and Mossy Cells.
Senzai Y, Buzsaki G..
Neuron, 2017, Pages: 691 - 704
PMID: 28132824
Tags: phases
Spruston N  (2007) The Hippocampus Book
Chapter 5: Structural and functional properties of hippocampal neurons
Spruston N, McBain C.
The Hippocampus Book, 2007, Pages: 133 - 200
ISBN: 9780195100273
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Vida I  (2010) Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book
Morphology of Hippocampal Neurons
Vida I.
Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book, 2010, Pages: 27 - 68
ISBN: 9781441909954
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Williams PA  (2007) J Neurosci
Semilunar granule cells: glutamatergic neurons in the rat dentate gyrus with axon collaterals in the inner molecular layer.
Williams PA, Larimer P, Gao Y, Strowbridge BW.
J Neurosci, 2007 Dec 12, 27 (50), Pages: 13756 - 13761
PMID: 18077687; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4053-07.2007
Tags: morphology, connectivity, firing patterns, synapse probabilities
Winnubst J  (2019) Cell
Reconstruction of 1,000 Projection Neurons Reveals New Cell Types and Organization of Long-Range Connectivity in the Mouse Brain
Winnubst J, Bas E, Ferreira TA, Wu Z, Economo MN, Edson P, Arthur BJ, Bruns C, Rokicki K, Schauder D, Olbris DJ, Murphy SD, Ackerman DG, Arshadi C, Baldwin P, Blake R, Elsayed A, Hasan M, Ramirez D, Dos Santos B, Weldon M, Zafar A, Dudman JT, Gerfen CR, Hantman AW, Korff W, Sternson SM, Spruston N, Svoboda K, Chandrashekar J..
Cell, 2019, 179 (1), Pages: 268 - 281
PMID: 31495573; DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.042
Tags: synapse probabilities
Witter MP  (2010) Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book
Connectivity of the Hippocampus
Witter MP.
Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book, 2010, Pages: 5 - 26
ISBN: 9781441909954
Tags: morphology, connectivity, synapse probabilities
Zhang X  (2020) Neuron
Selective Routing of Spatial Information Flow from Input to Output in Hippocampal Granule Cells.
Zhang X, Schlogl A, Jonas P.
Neuron, 2020, Pages: 1212 - 1225
PMID: 32763145
Tags: phases

Supplemental PMIDs
Click here to view the list of PMIDs

List of Hippocampome.org to NeuroMorpho.Org mappings
Click here to view the list of mappings
  • Ascoli
    • gc (fits the general description of "DG Granule" cells)
  • Beining
  • Brunner
  • Cho
  • Claiborne
  • Conti
  • Danzer
  • DeFelipe
  • Diaz
  • Epsztein
  • Frankland
  • Gage
  • Gage_Toda
  • Garcia-Cairasco
  • Gaspar
  • Huang
  • Ikeno
  • Jiezheng
  • Jongbloets
  • Koehl
  • Lee
  • Lien
    • GC_1 (fits the general description of "DG Granule" cells)
  • Luikart
  • Middledorp
  • MouseLight
  • Naegele
  • Nandi
  • O'Reilly
  • Oguro-Ando
  • Pierce
  • Putatunda_Hu
  • Santhakumar
  • Sell
  • Tensaouti
  • Turner
  • vonEngelhardt
  • Vuksic
  • Wadiche
  • Yamada

    • Morphology
    Soma
    DG:SG
    Axons
    DG:H
    CA3:SL
    CA3:SP
    CA2:SP
    Dendrites
    DG:SMo
    DG:SMi

    Representative figure
    Specialized electrophysiological properties of anatomically identified neurons in the hilar region of the rat fascia dentata.
    Lubke J, Frotscher M, Spruston N
    J Neurophysiol, 1998 Mar, 79 (3), pages: 1518 - 1534
    PMID: 9497429;


    "FIG. 1. Paired morphology and physiology of a dentate granule cell {DG Granule}. A: morphology of the biocytin-filled neuron. Dendrites (black) form a characteristic cone-shaped dendritic tree. Several axon collaterals (red) project deep into the hilus with the main axon projecting toward the pyramidal cell layer."


    Molecular markers
    Positive
    alpha-actinin-2
    BDNF
    Caln
    CaM
    CB
    Disc1
    DYN
    GABA-B1
    GABAa\alpha 4
    GluA1
    GluA2/3
    GluA3
    mGluR1
    mGluR2
    mGluR2/3
    mGluR3
    mGluR5
    Mus1R
    Mus3R
    NeuN
    NeuroD
    Neuropilin2
    NG
    NKB
    p-CREB
    PCP4
    Prox1
    PSA-NCAM
    vGlut1
    VILIP
    Y1
    Negative
    5HT-3
    AMIGO2
    AR-beta1
    Bok
    CB1
    CGRP
    CoupTF II
    CR (confirmed by inference)
    ErbB4
    GABAa\alpha 3
    GABAa\alpha 6 (confirmed by inference)
    GABAa\gamma 1
    GAT-3
    GAT-1
    GlyT2
    Man1a
    Math-2
    mGluR1a (confirmed by inference)
    Mus2R
    Mus4R
    nNOS
    NPY (confirmed by inference)
    PPTA
    PV
    RLN
    SCIP
    SOM (confirmed by inference)
    Sub P Rec
    TH
    vAChT
    vGAT
    vGluT2
    VIP
    Mixed expression
    CCK (species/protocol differences)
    ENK (subcellular expression differences)
    GABAa \delta (subcellular expression differences)
    GABAa\alpha 2 (subcellular expression differences)
    GABAa\alpha 5 (subcellular expression differences)
    GABAa\beta 1 (subcellular expression differences)
    GABAa\beta 2 (subcellular expression differences)
    GABAa\beta 3 (subcellular expression differences)
    GABAa\gamma 2 (subcellular expression differences)
    Gaba-a-alpha (subcellular expression differences)
    mGluR5a (subcellular expression differences)
    SPO (subcellular expression differences)
    vGluT3 (species/protocol differences)

    Electrophysiological properties
    Key: [range] OR representative value±SD (measurements); Number of sources (total measurements): [min , max]

    Resting membrane potential (Vrest): -75±2 mV (16); 5 sources (100): [-84 , -74]
    Input resistance (Rin): 228±14.2 MΩ (31); 5 sources (100): [54 , 292]
    Time constant (τm): 26.9±1.2 ms (31); 5 sources (100): [7.48 , 31]
    Threshold potential (Vthresh): 25.6 mV (1); 6 sources (6): [20.6 , 35]
    Fast afterhyperpolaziring potential amplitude (Fast AHP): [9, 11]±1.1 mV (16); 4 sources (21): [8.5 , 11.7]
    Action potential amplitude (APampl): 69.4 mV (1); 6 sources (38): [57 , 93]
    Action potential width (APwidth): 0.87±0.06 ms (16); 2 sources (49): [0.87 , 2.11]
    Max firing rate (Max F.R.): 72±8 Hz (16); 1 source
    Slow afterhyperpolarizing potential amplitude (Slow AHP): 0.6±0.4 mV (16); 3 sources (26): [0.6 , 7.6]
    Sag ratio: 0.97±0.01 (16); 3 sources (18): [0.92 , 0.97]

    Notes
    On page 20, Claiborne (1986), in the Figure 16 caption, clearly states that contact is made with both the apical and basal dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons, which substantiates the A:CA3:SP interpretation. Small collaterals can extend into SG and SMi. A:SG are more dorsal than ventral and only contact through en passant boutons. Buckmaster (1999) and Blasco-Ibáñez (2000): evidence for some A:SMi, in particular at the temporal pole of the hippocampus. Claiborne (1986): axons pass through CA3c SR. Blaabjerg (2007): the most temporal levels in rat have A:CA1; European hedgehogs have A:CA1:SL; BALB/cJ mice have only an intrapyramidal bundle; SM/J mice have only an infrapyramidal bundle; septally there are almost equal infrapyramidal and suprapyramidal projections with minor intrapyramidal projections; transitioning more temporally the infra- and intrapyramidal projections go away; and infrapyramidal is interpreted as an extended part of SP. Axons form asymmetric synapses. Mossy boutons contact DG mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Fine filopodial processes contact GABAergic and peptidergic interneurons in DG:H and CA3. A:DG:SG contact dendrites and somata of non-GCs, and A:DG:H & A:CA3 contact somata, dendrites, and spines of GABAergic interneurons. Claiborne (1990): 63% of dendritic branch points and 30% of the length in SMi_SG. 37% of branch points and 70% of the length in SMo. Desmond (1982): most 1st-order D?s in SG and lengths depend on depth of somata in SG; mostly 2nd-, 3rd-, 4th-order dendrites in SMi; mostly 3rd-, 4th-, 5th-order dendrites in SMo; most dendritic branching occurs in SG and SMi; and most dendritic segments located in and terminate in distal SM. Dendrites are spiny. D:SG within 100 microm of the soma are considered to be part of the soma. In Geiger (1997) and Lübke (1998) the youngest rats may be adolescents. Hosseini-Sharifabad and Nyengaard (2007): 0.24-2.17 million GC's depending on species.

    Firing Pattern
    Images
    Image MissingImage MissingImage MissingImage Missing
    Parameters View page
    ASP. [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]
    D.NASP [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]
    TSWB.SLN [Evidence] [Firing Pattern]

    Izhikevich Model
    Parameters Single Compartment Downloads Simulate
    subtype: 1 k=0.45;a= 0.003;b= 24.48;d= 50;C= 38;Vr= -77.4;Vt= -44.9;Vpeak= 15.49;Vmin= -66.47; Simulate
    subtype: 2 k=1.17;a= 0.006;b= 6.56;d= 74;C= 168;Vr= -75.36;Vt= -53.78;Vpeak= 13.75;Vmin= -55.52; Simulate
    subtype: 3 k=1.49;a= 0.029;b= -27.46;d= 436;C= 235;Vr= -75.85;Vt= -53.66;Vpeak= 13.69;Vmin= -56.01; Simulate
    Images
    Image MissingImage MissingImage Missing
    ModelDB Model
    Model Accession Number PubMed ID
    124513 15342722
    124513 17093119
    124513 18375756
    124513 17765743
    124291 19815518
    116740 10406134
    206372 27784124
    51781 15342722
    155568 24811867
    155568 22811762
    185355 25269417
    229750 28970502
    181032 25902928
    231818 29165247
    206397 28132825
    231862 29165247
    235052 29357445
    124513 15342722
    124513 17093119
    124513 18375756
    124513 17765743
    124291 19815518
    116740 10406134
    206372 27784124
    51781 15342722
    155568 24811867
    155568 22811762
    185355 25269417
    229750 28970502
    181032 25902928
    231818 29165247
    206397 28132825
    231862 29165247
    235052 29357445
    243350 30382451
    168314 24978936

    Sources of Input
    Known sources
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    DG Mossy
    DG Axo-axonic
    DG Basket
    DG Basket CCK+
    DG HICAP
    DG HIPP
    DG HIPROM
    DG MOLAX
    DG MOPP
    DG Neurogliaform
    CA1 LMR Projecting
    CA1 Neurogliaform Projecting
    CA1 Perforant Path-Associated
    EC LI-II Pyramidal-Fan
    MEC LII Stellate
    EC LII-III Pyramidal-Tripolar
    EC LIV-V Pyramidal-Horizontal
    MEC LV Pyramidal

    Potential sources
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    DG Semilunar Granule
    DG Cajal-Retzius*
    DG Local-Projecting Cajal-Retzius*
    DG Mossy MOLDEN
    DG AIPRIM
    DG COM-MOPP*
    DG Recurrent HIPP*
    DG HIPP-CAP*
    DG Recurrent HIPP-CAP*
    DG Ivy*
    DG MOCAP
    DG Molecular Layer*
    DG Outer Molecular Layer
    DG Total Molecular Layer
    DG Wide-Arbor Neurogliaform*
    CA3c Pyramidal
    CA3 Spiny Lucidum
    CA3 Perforant Path-Associated Projecting*
    CA1 Local-Projecting Cajal-Retzius*

    Potential sources known to be avoided
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    DG Interneuron Specific COLTAR*
    DG Interneuron Specific IMOT*

    Targets of Output
    Known targets
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    DG Hilar Ectopic Granule
    DG Mossy
    DG Basket
    DG Basket CCK+
    DG HICAP
    DG HIPP
    CA3 Pyramidal
    CA3c Pyramidal
    CA3 Axo-axonic
    CA3 Basket
    CA3 Basket CCK+
    CA3 Ivy
    CA3 Spiny Lucidum
    CA3 Mossy Fiber-Associated ORDEN
    CA2 Pyramidal

    Potential targets
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    DG Adult-Born Immature Granule*
    DG Mossy MOLDEN
    DG AIPRIM
    DG Axo-axonic
    DG Granulosum-targeting Axo-axonic*
    DG Interneuron Specific IMOT*
    DG Hilus-Associated Interneuron*
    DG Interneuron Specific HIMOLD*
    DG Recurrent HIPP*
    DG HIPP-CAP*
    DG Recurrent HIPP-CAP*
    DG HIPROM
    DG Ivy*
    DG MOLAX
    DG Outer Molecular Layer
    DG Total Molecular Layer
    CA3c Umbrella Pyramidal*
    CA3 Mossy Fiber-Associated Basket CCK+*
    CA3 Bistratified
    CA3 Bilayer Ivy*
    CA3 LMR-Targeting
    CA3 Lucidum*
    CA3 Lucidum LAX
    CA3 Lucidum ORAX
    CA3 Lucidum-Radiatum
    CA3 Mossy Fiber-Associated
    CA3 Interneuron Specific Quad
    CA3 QuadD-LM
    CA2 Basket
    CA2 Wide-Arbor Basket
    CA2 Bistratified

    Potential targets known to be avoided
    Excitatory or Inhibitory
    none known

    Oscillation Phase Locking
    Category
    Value
    Theta (deg):124.00
    Theta range:[124.00, 124.00]
    Theta measurements:1
    Theta representative selection:   rats, young adult, male and female,
    whole-cell patch clamp, head-fixed awake
    SWR ratio:2.01
    SWR ratio range:[2.01, 2.01]
    SWR ratio measurements:1
    SWR ratio representative selection:   rats, adult, male and female,
    sharp pipette, urethane
    In vivo firing rate (Hz):0.40
    Firing rate range:[0.40, 0.40]
    Firing rate measurements:1
    Firing rate representative selection:   rats, young adult, male and female,
    whole-cell patch clamp, head-fixed awake
    Other:DS_ratio and 7 others
    Other representative selection:   rats, adult, male and female,
    sharp pipette, urethane